Homeschooling in New York State

In New York, you will find homeschoolers from all backgrounds and philosophies. Homeschooling may not be as popular as in some other parts of the country -- perhaps because of the large number of select private schools and well-funded public school systems. Homeschoolers themselves run the gamut from the deeply religious to those who choose to teach their own children in order to take advantage of all the learning resources the state has to offer. According to the New York State Education Department (NYSED), the 2012-2013 numbers for homeschooled children in the state between the ages of 6 and 16 outside New York City (which keeps its own records) totaled more than 18,000. An article in New York Magazine put the number of New York City homeschoolers for roughly the same period at nearly 3,000. New York State Homeschooling Regulations In most of New York, parents of students who are subject to compulsory attendance regulations, between the ages of 6 and 16 must file homeschooling paperwork with their local school districts. (In New York City, Brockport and Buffalo its 6 to 17.) The requirements can be found in the state Education Department Regulation 100.10. The regs specify what paperwork you must provide to your local school district, and what the school district can and cant do in terms of overseeing homeschoolers. They can be a useful tool when disputes between the district and the parent arise. Quoting the regulations to the district is the quickest way to resolve most problems. Only loose guidelines are given as to what material should be covered -- math, language arts, social studies including U.S. and New York State history and government, science, and so on. Within those topics, parents have a lot of leeway to cover what they wish. Getting Started in New York Its not hard to get started homeschooling in New York State. If your children are in school, you can pull them out at any time. You have 14 days from the time you start homeschooling to begin the paperwork process (see below). And you do not have to get permission from the school to start homeschooling. In fact, once you begin to homeschool, you will be dealing with the district and not the individual school. The districts job is to confirm that you are providing educational experiences for your children, within the general guidelines set out in the regulations. They do not judge the content of your teaching material or your teaching techniques. This gives parents a lot of freedom in deciding how best to educate their children. Filing Homeschool Paperwork in New York (Note: For a definition of any terms used, see the Homeschooling Glossary.) Heres the timetable for the back-and-forth exchange of paperwork between homeschoolers and their school district, according to New York State regulations. The school year runs from July 1 to June 30, and every year the process starts over. For homeschoolers who start midyear, the school year still ends on June 30. 1. Letter of Intent: At the start of the school year (July 1), or within 14 days of starting to homeschool, parents submit a Letter of Intent to their local school district superintendent. The letter can simply read: This is to inform you that I will be homeschooling my child [Name] for the coming school year. 2. Response from the District: Once the district receives your Letter of Intent, they have 10 business days to respond with a copy of the homeschooling regulations and a form on which to submit an Individualized Home Instruction Plan (IHIP). Parents are allowed, however, to create their own forms, and most do. 3. Individualized Home Instruction Plan (IHIP): Parents then have four weeks (or by August 15 of that school year, whichever is later) from the time they receive the materials from the district to submit an IHIP. The IHIP can be as simple as a one-page list of resources that may be used throughout the year. Any changes that come up as the year progresses can be noted on the quarterly reports. Many parents include a disclaimer like the one I used with my children: Texts and workbooks listed in all subject areas will be supplemented by books and materials from home, the library, the Internet and other sources, together with field trips, classes, programs, and community events as they arise. More details will appear in the quarterly reports. Note that the district does not judge your teaching materials or plan. They simply acknowledge that you have a plan in place, which in most districts can be as loose as you like. 4. Quarterly Reports: Parents set their own school year, and specify on the IHIP what dates they will submit quarterly reports. The quarterlies can simply be a one-page summary listing what was covered in each subject. You are not required to give students a grade. A line stating that the student was learning the minimum number of hours required for that quarter takes care of attendance. (For grades 1 through 6, its 900 hours per year and 990 hours per year after that.) 5. Year-End Evaluation: Narrative evaluations -- one-line statements that the student has made adequate academic progress according to the requirements of Regulation 100.10 -- are all that is needed until fifth grade, and can continue every other year through eighth grade. The list of acceptable standardized tests (including the supplemental list) includes many like the PASS test which can be given by the parents at home. Parents are not required to submit the test score itself, just a report that the score was in the 33rd percentile or above, or showed a years growth over the previous years test. Students can also take tests at the school. Since parents are not required to submit paperwork once the child reaches age 16 or 17, its possible for those wishing to minimize standardized tests to only have to administer them in fifth, seventh and ninth grade. The most common disputes with districts occur with those few who refuse to allow the parent to write their own narrative assessment statement or administer the standardized test. They can usually be resolved by finding a homeschooling parent with a valid teaching license to provide one or the other. High School and College Students who homeschool through the end of high school do not receive a diploma, but they have other options to show they completed the equivalent of a high school education. This is particularly important for students who want to go on to earn college degrees In New York State since showing some form of high school completion is required to receive a college degree (although not for college admission). This includes both public and private colleges. One common course is to request a letter from the local district superintendent stating the student received the substantial equivalent of a high school education. While districts are not required to supply the letter, most do. Districts usually ask that you continue submitting paperwork through 12th grade to use this option. Some homeschoolers in New York earn a high school equivalency diploma by taking a two-day standardized test (formerly the GED, now the TASC). That diploma is considered the same as a high school diploma for most types of employment as well. Others complete a 24-credit program at a local  community college, while still in high school, or afterward, that grants them the equivalent of a high school diploma. But no matter how they show high school completion, both public and private colleges in New York are welcoming to homeschool students, who are generally well-prepared as they go on into adult life. Helpful Links New York State Education Department Codes, Rules, and Regulations include information on homeschooling, compulsory attendance, student employment, and other issues.NYHEN (New York State Home Education Network) is a free online support group open to all homeschoolers. It includes a website with easily-accessible information on state regulations and several email lists where parents can ask questions and get advice from experienced homeschoolers (including, occasionally, me!).LEAH (Loving Education at Home) is a statewide Christian-only membership organization with local chapters throughout the state. It presents two homeschool conferences every year. Participants are usually asked to sign a Statement of Faith before participating in LEAH activities.PAHSI (Partnership for Accurate Homeschooling Information) is a New York City-based group offering information on homeschooling in the city and state.

Compare And Contrast Wonder Woman And Wonder Women

Question II – Compare and Contrast: Wonder Woman and The Incredibles Throughout this semester we had been discussing the portrayals of mentally ill patients via mainstream media, and how their impressions on the world through the eyes of popular culture sort of filter our vision amongst them. In successfully doing so, we then shifted toward another objective: the portrayals of gender stereotypes in both typical and atypical ways, primarily as a result of popular culture and mainstream media depictions. Specifically, we’ll be comparing and contrasting between The Incredibles and Wonder Woman before arriving at the core of what the reputation for both gender stereotypical and atypical roles hold today. Upon watching the films The†¦show more content†¦We see a minor glimpse of this inattentiveness in the film Inside Out, where the family is having dinner at the dinner table and the wife is forced to â€Å"signal† the husband. Furthermore, the wife (Helen, E lastigirl, Mrs. Incredible) is portrayed as being this occupied housewife and suburban mom who partakes in the usual chores and activities that would be expected of her, partly as a result of the stereotypical gender roles derived from popular culture. However, as she is known to acquire super powers herself, sort of allows for the distinction between the ideal traits that a women is commonly known to have, while embodying this abyss of qualities that highlight her typical traits in an atypical format. For example, whilst still remaining as the role of a mother, she does appear to posses the qualities of having strong leadership, being analytical, athletic, dominant, and self sufficient, all a while remaining feminine, sensitive, and compassionate. Of course, this is nothing short of what’s being commonly seen today, but the reaction of it all would’ve been seen as taboo many years back. 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His reference to wolves show how important animals are in this book. Page 42 â€Å"The fair girl went on her knees and bent over me...† This entire passage is the first reference to sex in the novel. I wonder if all female vampires are aggressivelyRead MoreGender Representation In Wonder Woman1834 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Wonder Woman is a walking- and sometimes flying- paradox of attributions and images. She is, at once, a female sex symbol and feminist icon: physically vulnerable, morally virtuous, financially independent, self-determining, and, in tune with her womanly ways, self-sacrificing† (Wright 6). Wonder Woman was created by William Marston in order to show and achieve women empowerment. At the time that Wonder Woman was assembled, there were no women superheroes. 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Merging Strategies Due to Fall in Oil Prices

Question: Describe about the Merging Strategies for Due to Fall in Oil Prices. Answer: Introduction Crude oil, also known as petroleum is a liquid found within the earth and it's composed of organic compounds, hydrocarbons as well as small amounts of metal ions. In essence, the hydrocarbons are the main constituents of oil and they account for between 50%-97% of the total crude oil although sometimes this might depend on the type of crude oil and the methods employed during its extraction. In other cases, organic compounds such as oxygen, sulfur as well as nitrogen. The stunning falling in prices of oil, in June 2014 up to February 2016, has been one of the most important global macroeconomic developments. This type sharp of fall can be compared to another fall in oil prices when the oil producing countries reversed their earlier production cuts which led to the outset of the global financial problems. It is, therefore, important to understand the major causes of price drops and their effects although, in most cases, the drops might be driven by increase supply as well as a decreas e in demand. The recent price decline appears to be a mix of the two. This paper, therefore, explores the major causes of the decline in the prices of oil and the measures that various oil companies take to curb the devastating effects that come along with these issues. Fall in oil prices As a result in the slow growth of the emerging oil markets, for instance, the China there have been sharp drops in the prices across the board. This is because China has an ever growing Industrialization which is also compared to the high population and hence high likelihood of increased consumption of oil products. The drop in oil prices, however, has been significantly higher as compared to that of metals and food. Thus it could be suggested that the increasing rate of could be an important aspect that has led to a decrease in demand (Baumeister and Peersman, 2013.p.1090). The macroeconomic models indicate that the effect of low demand and hence low oil prices on the global gross domestic product has been net positive. Although this increase could be significant, it is, however, less as compared to the past trends. However if the decline in oil market prices persists, the effects might be far much higher than it is off now. In the developed countries, the effects of a fall in oil prices is passed to the consumers, in the other countries such as India and China have taken advantage of this situation and therefore form the low oil prices as a basis to lower provided to their citizens on consumption of fuel so that they can strengthen their fiscal positions. Another important aspect is that a decrease in oil prices which is driven by the supply increases the world demand for oil. This occurs through the transfer of resources from high-saving oil producers to consumers who might have a higher tendency to spend. The oil producing countries have been on most occasions forced to increase their spending while the oil consumer countries continue to repair balance sheets from the financial problems. Another aspect is that the decrease in oil prices has resulted in an enormous short-term decrease in terms of investment in the oil industry as a result of a decline in the with global investment in production as well as exploration falling in conjunction with spill over to energy products. Sharp declines in investment in other commodity sectors have also contributed to overall slow global growth. Since the fall in oil price has had a big impact on the economy by having a significant contribution to the financial market instability, a further instability in the financing conditions of oil companies and oil exporters might have much more effects (Sadorsky, P., 2014, p.79). A greater peril is exposed to the nations which heavily rely on upon settlements from subjects who work in oil economies. As such, conversion scale adaptability and a huge pad of hard money holds have helped in maintaining a strategic distance from an out and out monetary emergency. In any case, if the low cost is maintained, critical oil producers will turn out to be progressively helpless on the case that they can't make the essential financial changes in accordance with a lower value direction. The late scene underscores that over the more drawn out term, it is critical for oil exporters to differentiate their economies and sources of income so as to diminish the powerlessness to oil value instability. For oil-importing propelled economies, the value of a fall in prices is an appreciated boost and gives a chance to fortify monetary versatility against capital fueling for some developing markets. It is an unmistakable aid for Europe and Japan, yet more blended for the United States which is both a vast buyer as well as a substantial producer. In any case, it is imperative for approach producers to proceed with arrangements that reinforce the long haul development capability of their economies (Wang et al., 2013, 1233). In spite of the fact that prospects costs propose that oil costs might continue to rise, it is imperative to get ready for the way that oil costs can ascend later on pretty much as pointedly and suddenly as they have fallen before. Beneficiaries and losers from the price The motorists and households are the greatest beneficiaries of a fall in oil and gas because it favors the lower-income groups. This is because on most occasions the costs of fuels take up a very large share of their more little earnings. The major losses are felt by oil business for starters as well as the countries which produce oil. Examples of the countries which suffer economic and political instability, as a result, include Nigeria, Venezuela, Brazil, Russia and Ecuador because they are the major oil producing nations. For instance, the impact of Western sanctions that occurred led a drop in Iranian oil production by approximately one million barrels a day. As a result, this sanction has thus blocked Iran from importing the latest equipment for extracting oil from the fields. If the sanctions are lifted, in the oil industry in Iran is likely to open the taps on production. Most raw petroleum trading nations are confronting testing times, for instance, Russia is intensely reliant on its oil incomes, with oil and gas which has a big portion of its income. The monetary approvals forced on Russia in the wake of the emergency in Ukraine have been as a result of the breakdown of the oil value prompting capital flight. Additionally, many Russian vitality organizations had acquired significant amounts of loans from European banks and money related organizations amid the years of high oil costs. On the other hand, there has been a rise in traffic deaths because the low gas and oil prices have made it possible for any people to travel and hence increasing the risks of accidents on the roads. Experts have say that setting a generation roof may just have constrained worth in directing the oil costs. This is because a large portion of the greatest oil producers, including Saudi Arabia, are as of now pumping close top limit. There was a late shake-up in the Saudi oil industry, although it is however not clear what longer-term effect that may lead to in the oil industry. There is thus the need for oil-producing countries to keep consistent against the monetary strains (Turhan et al., 2013, p. 33). The reasons for the present costs breakdown are not as emotional since there has been no significant world financial stun. In fact, the world economy is developing despite the fact that the recuperation is not as fast or as across the board. Following quite a while of relative dependability, offering ascends to certainty and interest in the oil and gas segment, real vulnerability is presently being reflected in organization monetary records. Although the mission of the oil producing countries is to stabilize the prices in the international oil markets, this time, little efforts have been noticed. During other times when the oil prices fell, this trade block used to intervene in the market through cutting the production rates in order to support prices. For instance, powerless Chinese information keeps on bringing about the concern and development in Japan while the euro zone stays delicate. European economies are as yet pondering frail development and low swelling, making the risk exceptionally conceivable. On the off chance that family units in Europe and Japan are urged to spare by the possibility of less expensive products tomorrow and organizations delay venture for the same reason, then monetary development will go under further weight. Effects to oil companies While producers have been seeing their revenues decrease and debt levels swell since June 2014, share prices of US shale producers have been steadily falling. This makes the short-term outlook for many shale oil projects very challenging, and the prospect of bankruptcy for low-margin producers is quickly becoming a reality. This sector has been facing large funding challenges that can result in devastating and huge effects as far as production is concerned. The US shale sector's chief source of income is the debts because the producers heavily invest on cash as compared to what they earn and thus making up the difference through the issuance of bonds. This causes the growth of debt far much higher as compared to the cash which is realized in the form of profits from the oil investments (Turhan et al., 2013, p. 31). As a result, no more investors and debt markets are willing to fund oil projects and this has greatly led to a large decrease in the number the shale projects in the United States. Once the shale projects fall at a higher rate than the conventional wells, the amount of oil production is likely to fall by far. Reports indicate that many of the loans issued in the year 2014 by banks were issued in oil and gas (Weijermars, R., 2015, p.403). This means that many financial institutions have a largely unrecoverable debt on their balance sheets in the oil industries. These speculations are currently progressively in danger of default and could promote the weakening in the form of saving money industry and monetary markets all through Europe. Most oil producing countries have little space to move on account of their dependence on oil incomes to adjust national spending plans. They have no expansive remote trade stores to fall back on to support state use and the oil value breakdown has been exacerbated by existing issues, for example, sanctions, political insecurity, security, and defilement. Nigeria, for instance, has been as of late compelled to raise financing costs and debase its coin the naira. The most evident effect of the oil cost breakdown on organization records is the expanded danger of hindrance of benefits. Lower oil value gauges imply that oil producers ought to expect lower future benefits in terms of profits. Quickly changing oil costs make it hard to judge the present estimation of benefits for speculation choices on capital distribution as well as balancing the sheets by oil companies. Organizations regularly apply forward bends in their valuation models which in turn take a gander at a scope of sensitivities and situations (Blanchard and Riggi, 2013, p. 1049). As a result of decreased profits due to oil price collapses, the merger and acquisition activities are building, and oil-company management teams need to think of the best strategies to apply. Most commodity industries are prone to consolidation during the downside of the cycle, when supply surpluses accumulate, prices fall, and competition heats up. Even though few deals have been executed so far concerning the mergers, there are possibilities of their increase as a result of increased vulnerability among the weak players in the oil business. The present atmosphere of low costs likewise fits a lot of deals that need to be made especially for the survival of oil organization. Therefore the use of mergers is required essentially to keep up generation levels and earn back the original investment through cost sharing (Fattouh et al., 2016, p. 236). The organizations in the best position are those with solid balance sheets, which can gain either bothered resources or those sold after different mergers. The oil organizations that made enormous exchanges before or amid the oil value fall are the ones to look for monetary record stress. For instance, Spanish organization Repsol expanded its net obligation levels essentially but was later forced to sell its non-center resources especially the gas business to EDP Group which takes after a comparable offer of resources for Gas Natural Distribution and Redexis. Shell has also announced that it will dispose its asset in an effort to balance the company's books of records as well as the debt after recent acquisitions and mergers. But the debt fears connected to the late product cost will undoubtedly confine the number and craving of bidders. Along these lines, while this arrangement making is helping various organizations survive the low costs and liquidations of over-utilized organizations can be normal. Additionally, it merits recalling that the shortcoming in the oil cost has suggestions for organizations, as well as for states, as well. Saudi Arabia, the world's second-biggest oil maker has felt the crush of falling costs, which have prompted its thought of selling its national oil organization, Saudi Aramco to raise capital. Shell has posted a weighty fall in benefits in its first arrangement of results since its super merger with BG Group as the oil goliath keeps on being harmed by low unrefined costs (Abdelrehim et al., 2015, p. 142). Shell then merged with BG group so as to have a solid begin off and a quickened conveyance of the cooperative energies from the securing at a lower cost. The finishing of the BG bargain fortified Shell's procedure and quality against the scenery of colossally difficult times for the oil industry (Reboredo et al., 2016, p.4). At the point when oil costs hit a trough, history focuses on a probable vitality industry reaction: mergers and acquisitions. Brokers are wagering on it because BP PLC offers hopped after a mysterious client guaranteed rival Royal Dutch Shell PLC was going to make an offer. The oil-field-administrations industry, which endures when low costs decrease oil-organization spending, has delivered the principal enormous arrangements this year with their cust omers cutting spending on generation. Low costs could put some little and medium-sized organizations into a troubled circumstance that constrains them to either empty property to raise money or offer out totally. Past combinations occurred after a drawn out droop in rough costs and frequently amid a time of feeble vitality securities exchange valuations. Conclusion It is, therefore, important for oil companies to seek alternative options to curb the negative effect that come along the recently experienced low oil prices in the market. Even though mergers could be an alternative, then the companies that merge and absorb others should take close consideration so that they may not plunge into losses. References Abdelrehim, N., Maltby, J. and Toms, S., 2015. Narrative reporting and crises: British Petroleum and Shell, 19501958. Accounting History, 20(2), pp.138-157. Baumeister, C., and Peersman, G., 2013. The role of timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ varying price elasticities in accounting for volatility changes in the crude oil market. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 28(7), pp.1087-1109. Blanchard, O.J. and Riggi, M., 2013. Why are the 2000s so different from the 1970s? A structural interpretation of changes in the macroeconomic effects of oil prices. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(5), pp.1032-1052. Fattouh, B., Poudineh, R. and Sen, A., 2016. The dynamics of the revenue maximizationmarket share trade-off: Saudi Arabia's oil policy in the 201415 price fall. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 32(2), pp.223-240. Reboredo, F.H., Lidon, F., Pessoa, F. and Ramalho, J.C., 2016. The fall of oil prices and the effects of biofuels. Trends in biotechnology, 34(1), pp.3-6. Sadorsky, P., 2014. Modeling volatility and correlations between emerging market stock prices and the prices of copper, oil and wheat. Energy Economics, 43, pp.72-81. Turhan, I., Hacihasanoglu, E. and Soytas, U., 2013. Oil prices and emerging market exchange rates. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 49(sup1), pp.21-36. Wang, Y., Wu, C. and Yang, L., 2013. Oil price shocks and stock market activities: Evidence from oil-importing and oil-exporting countries. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(4), pp.1220-1239. Weijermars, R., 2015. Shale gas technology innovation rate impact on economic Base CaseScenario model benchmarks. Applied Energy, 139, pp.398-407.

Is Thomistic Philosophy Relevant in Seminary Formation Essay Example

Is Thomistic Philosophy Relevant in Seminary Formation? Essay A Thomasian Accountant Viewpoint Reaction on the Article â€Å"Is Thomistic Philosophy Relevant in Seminary Formation? † Cl. Marc Will R. Lim, SDB It gives me hard time to react on an article written by someone whom I perceived belongs to the rule makers, standard bearers and theory setters. Having graduated from a Pontifical University run by Dominicans and with a degree afar from the course which subjects everything to critical reflection, I found myself on the verge of completely adhering. But, now after obtaining a clear purpose, to provide a clearer understanding and appreciation, I am now led to construe and not to merely concur but, to subject it with proper scrutinizing, at least to the point of providing stronger supports to the claim or to totally pose arguments that could attest its inappropriateness. The question â€Å"Is Thomistic Philosophy relevant in Seminary Formation† does not pose simple query but rather more so it entails a deeper search for significance, the suitability in terms of the relationship between two subject matters, namely the Thomistic Philosophy and the Seminary Formation notwithstanding, of course its timeliness. These two factors are main objectives from which I am seeking to be answered so as I will remain or deviate to the conclusion of the respectable black friar. Relevance, in accounting parlance finds its implication primarily in decision-making. Alone affects greatly a financial decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Thomistic Philosophy Relevant in Seminary Formation? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is Thomistic Philosophy Relevant in Seminary Formation? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is Thomistic Philosophy Relevant in Seminary Formation? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In addition, together with timeliness it finds its fullness to give a substantial aid. However, taking them both can make precision and reliability suffer. Relevance signifies suitability considering all other factors affecting. For example, in the decision to replace equipment that has been used for the past six years, the original cost of the equipment does not have relevance. In other words, the original cost is irrelevant or is not relevant in the decision to replace the equipment. What will have relevance are the future amounts, such as the cost of the new equipment, and the savings that will occur when the old equipment is replaced. But actually, relevance regardless of any field purports pertinence to the matter at hand, for it connotes to significance. In itself it proves much the point of appropriateness since it indicates the connection of prevailing subjects. This same word is being used to strike the suitability of the Thomistic Philosophy in seminary formation. This is a big question that could seriously affect as with regards to its continuous existence. However, if answered fittingly, appreciation and comprehension will follow suit. So, to make the term relevance clear allow me to cite how the esteemed Fr. Gonzales pointed it on his article. And it goes â€Å"To my mind, to be relevant is to be rooted in the fundamentals, in the basics. † And now, since we are speaking here of the formation in the seminary it is noteworthy to quote the clear stand of the Holy Mother Church regarding philosophy education. The philosophical disciplines are to be taught in such a way that the students are first of all led to acquire a solid and coherent knowledge of man, the world, and of God, relying on a philosophical patrimony which is perennially valid and taking into account the philosophical investigations of later ages. This is especially true of those investigations which exercise a greater influence in their own nations. Account should also be taken of the more recent progress of the sciences. The net result should be that the students, correctly understanding the characteristics of the contemporary mind, will be duly prepared for dialogue with men of their time. The history of philosophy should be so taught that the students, while reaching the ultimate principles of the various systems, will hold on to what is proven to be true therein and will be able to detect the roots of errors and to refute them. In the very manner of teaching there should be stirred up in the students a love of rigorously searching for the truth and of maintaining and demonstrating it, together with an honest recognition of the limits of human knowledge. Attention must be carefully drawn to the necessary connection between philosophy and the true problems of life, as well as the questions which preoccupy the minds of the students. Likewise students should be helped to perceive the links between the subject-matter of philosophy and the mysteries of salvation which are considered in theology under the higher light of faith. Well, without being prejudice, my accounting inclination dictates to me that this stand where the Church resolve as Her own provides a clear mandate on how philosophy is vital and will remain vital handmaid of Theology, which is the climax of the decade long preparatory of priesthood. Moreover, Philosophy is the arm’s length support needed to give a deeper understanding of the wide-range formation, since it prepares at least to have a strong framework in the art of reasoning. In line with this, the Church in its quest to equip at least its own battalion of soldiers made a clear distinction on the particular and necessary field of Philosophy by hailing in particular the school of thought of the great Angelic Doctor, St. Thomas Aquinas. Pope Leo XIII on his encyclical, Aeterni Patris, states that; â€Å"And we know how in those great homes of human wisdom, as in his own kingdom, Thomas reigned supreme; and that the minds of all, of teachers as well as of taught, rested in wonderful harmony under the shield and authority of the Angelic Doctor. Even before the Second Vatican Council, St. Thomas’ way was hailed which on this encyclical summed up all other praises. Yet, this contention alone will not suffice, the question remains clear particularly on its relevance Nevertheless, on a hindsight we can never neglect for a fact that Thomistic Philosophy alone suffices the needs priestly seminary formation entails, aside from a fact that it provides and nourished on the strong and robust food of doctrine, that so, mighty in strength and armed at all points, they may become habituated to advance the cause of religion with force and udgment. Pope Leo XII even added â€Å"Now, We think that, apart from the supernatural help of God, nothing is better calculated to heal those minds and to bring them into favor with the Catholic faith than the solid doctrine of the Fathers and the Scholastics, who so clearly and forcibly demonstrate the firm foundations of the faith, its divine origin, its certain truth, the arguments that sust ain it, the benefits it has conferred on the human race, and its perfect accord with reason, in a manner to satisfy completely minds open to persuasion, however unwilling and repugnant. But then it can never be disregarded that the Magisterium during Vatican II almost spelled the end of the Thomistic Revival. Yet still in 1998, John Paul II issued an encyclical called Fides et Ratio which may be regarded as the charter of the Thomism of the third millennium. Although the research might be too limited, with sources too few and time so constraint, I suppose that as long as the Thomistic Philosophy provides the ultimate purpose needed to answer the requirements of the formation it will remain perennial and as long as it continuously aids in strengthening the faith, perhaps there will be no other else relevant enough. Then and then Thomism Philosophy will continue to enjoy it supremacy. [ 1 ]. http://blog. accountingcoach. com/accounting-relevance/#ixzz0LUgKksRD [ 2 ]. Is Thomistic Philosophy Relevant in Seminary Formation? , Fr. Enrico Gonzales, O. P. , Ph. D [ 3 ]. Optatam Totius, 15 [ 4 ]. Aeterni Patris, 20 [ 5 ]. Cf. Aeterni Patris, 27 [ 6 ]. Aeterni Patris, 27